Organic light-emitting display apparatus with mesh structured line between via layers

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting display apparatus includes a substrate, pixels, a pixel defining layer (PDL), a first via layer, a second via layer, first lines, and a second line. The pixels are arranged on the substrate in a first direction (D 1 ) and a second direction (D 2 ) intersecting one another, and include organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The OLEDs include pixel electrodes (PEs). The PDL covers edges of the PEs and defines light-emitting regions via openings partially exposing the PEs. The first and second via layers are between the PEs and the substrate. The first lines extend in the D 2  between the first via layer and the substrate. The second line is between the second and first via layers. The second line at least partially extends around the light-emitting regions. The second line contacts the first lines through via holes. Each via hole is provided every two pixels arranged in the D 2.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/821,998, filed Mar. 17, 2020, and claims priority to and the benefitof Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0037313, filed Mar. 29, 2019,each of which is hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes as iffully set forth herein.

BACKGROUND Field

One or more exemplary embodiments generally relate to an organiclight-emitting display apparatus.

Discussion

Organic light-emitting display apparatuses typically include twoelectrodes and an organic light-emitting layer between the twoelectrodes. In a conventional organic light-emitting display apparatus,electrons injected through a cathode (e.g., one or a first electrode)and holes injected through an anode (e.g., another or a secondelectrode) are combined in an organic light-emitting layer to formexcitons. The excitons emit light while discharging energy.

An organic light-emitting display apparatus may include a plurality ofpixels each including an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) in which acathode, an anode, and an organic light-emitting layer are included, andeach pixel may further include a plurality of transistors and acapacitor for driving the OLED. The plurality of transistors may includea switching transistor and a driving transistor. Such an organiclight-emitting display apparatus may have a relatively fast responsespeed and may be driven with relatively low power consumption. It isnoted, however, that as resolution increases, an OLED, a plurality oftransistors driving the OLED, a capacitor, and wires transferringsignals may overlap one another, and, accordingly, various issues mayoccur.

The above information disclosed in this section is only forunderstanding the background of the inventive concepts, and, therefore,may contain information that does not form prior art.

SUMMARY

One or more exemplary embodiments provide an organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus capable of reducing an asymmetric color shift effectand ensure excellent visibility, while also reducing a variation incharacteristics of pixels.

Additional aspects will be set forth in the detailed description whichfollows, and, in part, will be apparent from the disclosure, or may belearned by practice of the inventive concepts.

According to some exemplary embodiments, an organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus includes a substrate, pixels, a pixel defining layer,a first via layer, a second via layer, first lines, and a second line.The pixels are arranged on the substrate in a first direction and asecond direction intersecting the first direction. The pixels includeorganic light-emitting diodes. The organic light-emitting diodes includepixel electrodes. The pixel defining layer covers edges of the pixelelectrodes. The pixel defining layer defines light-emitting regions viaopenings partially exposing the pixel electrodes. The first via layerand the second via layer are between the pixel electrodes and thesubstrate. The first lines extend in the second direction between thefirst via layer and the substrate. The second line is between the secondvia layer and the first via layer. The second line at least partiallyextends around the light-emitting regions. The second line contacts thefirst lines through via holes. Each via hole among the via holes isprovided every two pixels arranged in the second direction among thepixels.

According to some exemplary embodiments, an organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus includes a substrate, pixels, a pixel defining layer,a first via layer, a second via layer, first lines, and a second line.The pixels are arranged on the substrate in a first direction and asecond direction intersecting the first direction. The pixels includeorganic light-emitting diodes. The organic light-emitting diodes includepixel electrodes. The pixel defining layer covers edges of the pixelelectrodes. The pixel defining layer defines light-emitting regions viaopenings partially exposing the pixel electrodes. The first via layerand the second via layer are between the pixel electrodes and thesubstrate. The first lines extend in the second direction between thefirst via layer and the substrate. The second line is between the secondvia layer and the first via layer. The second line at least partiallyextends around the light-emitting regions. The second line contacts thefirst lines through via holes. The pixels comprise a first pixel, asecond pixel, and a third pixel each of which is configured to emitlight of a different color. The via holes are provided closer to thelight-emitting regions of the first pixel and the second pixel than tothe third pixel.

The foregoing general description and the following detailed descriptionare exemplary and explanatory and are intended to provide furtherexplanation of the claimed subject matter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the inventive concepts, and are incorporated in andconstitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplaryembodiments of the inventive concepts, and, together with thedescription, serve to explain principles of the inventive concepts. Inthe drawings:

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display apparatus according to some exemplaryembodiments;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are equivalent circuit diagrams of a pixel in a displayapparatus according to various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing light-emitting regions of aplurality of pixels in an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 4 is a layout showing a relation between light-emitting regions ofa plurality of pixels and wires according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line I-I′ in FIG.4 according to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view according to a comparative example forcomparison with at least one exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 7A is a layout of an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 7B is a layout of a pixel electrode in addition to FIG. 7Aaccording to some exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line II-Ir inFIG. 7A according to some exemplary embodiments; and

FIG. 8 is a layout of an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to some exemplary embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF SOME EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of various exemplary embodiments. As used herein, theterms “embodiments” and “implementations” are used interchangeably andare non-limiting examples employing one or more of the inventiveconcepts disclosed herein. It is apparent, however, that variousexemplary embodiments may be practiced without these specific details orwith one or more equivalent arrangements. In other instances, well-knownstructures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoidunnecessarily obscuring various exemplary embodiments. Further, variousexemplary embodiments may be different, but do not have to be exclusive.For example, specific shapes, configurations, and characteristics of anexemplary embodiment may be used or implemented in another exemplaryembodiment without departing from the inventive concepts.

Unless otherwise specified, the illustrated exemplary embodiments are tobe understood as providing exemplary features of varying detail of someexemplary embodiments. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, thefeatures, components, modules, layers, films, panels, regions, aspects,etc. (hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as an“element” or “elements”), of the various illustrations may be otherwisecombined, separated, interchanged, and/or rearranged without departingfrom the inventive concepts.

The use of cross-hatching and/or shading in the accompanying drawings isgenerally provided to clarify boundaries between adjacent elements. Assuch, neither the presence nor the absence of cross-hatching or shadingconveys or indicates any preference or requirement for particularmaterials, material properties, dimensions, proportions, commonalitiesbetween illustrated elements, and/or any other characteristic,attribute, property, etc., of the elements, unless specified. Further,in the accompanying drawings, the size and relative sizes of elementsmay be exaggerated for clarity and/or descriptive purposes. As such, thesizes and relative sizes of the respective elements are not necessarilylimited to the sizes and relative sizes shown in the drawings. When anexemplary embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific processorder may be performed differently from the described order. Forexample, two consecutively described processes may be performedsubstantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to thedescribed order. Also, like reference numerals denote like elements.

When an element, such as a layer, is referred to as being “on,”“connected to,” or “coupled to” another element, it may be directly on,connected to, or coupled to the other element or intervening elementsmay be present. When, however, an element is referred to as being“directly on,” “directly connected to,” or “directly coupled to” anotherelement, there are no intervening elements present. Other terms and/orphrases used to describe a relationship between elements should beinterpreted in a like fashion, e.g., “between” versus “directlybetween,” “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent,” “on” versus “directlyon,” “electrically connected” versus “directly electrically connected,”“formed on” versus “directly formed on,” etc. Further, the term“connected” may refer to physical, electrical, and/or fluid connection.In addition, the first directional axis, the second directional axis,and the third directional axis are not limited to three axes of arectangular coordinate system, and may be interpreted in a broadersense. For example, the first directional axis, the second directionalaxis, and the third directional axis may be perpendicular to oneanother, or may represent different directions that are notperpendicular to one another. For the purposes of this disclosure, “atleast one of X, Y, and Z” and “at least one selected from the groupconsisting of X, Y, and Z” may be construed as X only, Y only, Z only,or any combination of two or more of X, Y, and Z, such as, for instance,XYZ, XYY, YZ, and ZZ. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any andall combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Although the terms “first,” “second,” etc. may be used herein todescribe various elements, these elements should not be limited by theseterms. These terms are used to distinguish one element from anotherelement. Thus, a first element discussed below could be termed a secondelement without departing from the teachings of the disclosure.

Spatially relative terms, such as “beneath,” “below,” “under,” “lower,”“above,” “upper,” “over,” “higher,” “side” (e.g., as in “sidewall”), andthe like, may be used herein for descriptive purposes, and, thereby, todescribe one element's relationship to another element(s) as illustratedin the drawings. Spatially relative terms are intended to encompassdifferent orientations of an apparatus in use, operation, and/ormanufacture in addition to the orientation depicted in the drawings. Forexample, if the apparatus in the drawings is turned over, elementsdescribed as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would thenbe oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplaryterm “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below.Furthermore, the apparatus may be otherwise oriented (e.g., rotated 90degrees or at other orientations), and, as such, the spatially relativedescriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particularembodiments and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, thesingular forms, “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the pluralforms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Moreover,the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” and/or “including,”when used in this specification, specify the presence of statedfeatures, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/orgroups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one ormore other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components,and/or groups thereof. It is also noted that, as used herein, the terms“substantially,” “about,” and other similar terms, are used as terms ofapproximation and not as terms of degree, and, as such, are utilized toaccount for inherent deviations in measured, calculated, and/or providedvalues that would be recognized by one of ordinary skill in the art.

Various exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference tosectional views, isometric views, perspective views, plan views, and/orexploded illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealizedexemplary embodiments and/or intermediate structures. As such,variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result of, forexample, manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected.Thus, exemplary embodiments disclosed herein should not be construed aslimited to the particular illustrated shapes of regions, but are toinclude deviations in shapes that result from, for instance,manufacturing. To this end, regions illustrated in the drawings may beschematic in nature and shapes of these regions may not reflect theactual shapes of regions of a device, and, as such, are not intended tobe limiting.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientificterms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by oneof ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure is a part. Terms,such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should beinterpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning inthe context of the relevant art and will not be interpreted in anidealized or overly formal sense, unless expressly so defined herein.

As customary in the field, some exemplary embodiments are described andillustrated in the accompanying drawings in terms of functional blocks,units, and/or modules. Those skilled in the art will appreciate thatthese blocks, units, and/or modules are physically implemented byelectronic (or optical) circuits, such as logic circuits, discretecomponents, microprocessors, hard-wired circuits, memory elements,wiring connections, and the like, which may be formed usingsemiconductor-based fabrication techniques or other manufacturingtechnologies. In the case of the blocks, units, and/or modules beingimplemented by microprocessors or other similar hardware, they may beprogrammed and controlled using software (e.g., microcode) to performvarious functions discussed herein and may optionally be driven byfirmware and/or software. It is also contemplated that each block, unit,and/or module may be implemented by dedicated hardware, or as acombination of dedicated hardware to perform some functions and aprocessor (e.g., one or more programmed microprocessors and associatedcircuitry) to perform other functions. Also, each block, unit, and/ormodule of some exemplary embodiments may be physically separated intotwo or more interacting and discrete blocks, units, and/or moduleswithout departing from the inventive concepts. Further, the blocks,units, and/or modules of some exemplary embodiments may be physicallycombined into more complex blocks, units, and/or modules withoutdeparting from the inventive concepts.

Hereinafter, various exemplary embodiments will be explained in detailwith reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a display apparatus according to some exemplaryembodiments.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the organic light-emitting display apparatusincludes a display area DA for realizing (e.g., displaying) images and aperipheral area PA that is a non-display area outside (e.g., around) thedisplay area DA. A plurality of pixels PX are arranged in the displayarea DA to provide images, e.g., predetermined images.

Each pixel PX may emit light of at least one color, such as, forexample, red light, green light, blue light, and/or white light, and,for instance, may include an organic light-emitting diode OLED. Inaddition, each pixel PX may further include devices, such as a thin filmtransistor (TFT), capacitor, etc. In this specification, the pixel PXmay denote a sub-pixel emitting one of red light, green light, bluelight, and white light as previously described.

The peripheral area PA does not provide images, and, although not shown,may include a scan driver, a data driver, etc., for providing electricsignals to the pixels PX of the display area DA and power lines forproviding electric power, such as a driving voltage and a commonvoltage. Also, the peripheral area PA may include a terminal portion towhich a printed circuit board, etc. may be connected.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are equivalent circuit diagrams of a pixel in a displayapparatus according to various exemplary embodiments.

Referring to FIG. 2A, each pixel PX may include a pixel circuit PCconnected to a scan line SL and a data line DL, and an organiclight-emitting diode OLED connected to the pixel circuit PC.

The pixel circuit PC includes a driving TFT T1, a switching TFT T2, anda storage capacitor Cst. The switching TFT T2 is connected to the scanline SL and the data line DL and transfers a data signal Dm inputthrough the data line DL to the driving TFT T1 according to a scansignal Sn input through the scan line SL.

The storage capacitor Cst is connected to the switching TFT T2 and adriving voltage line PL and stores a voltage corresponding to adifference between a voltage transferred from the switching TFT T2 and afirst power voltage ELVDD (or a driving voltage) supplied to the drivingvoltage line PL.

The driving TFT T1 is connected to the driving voltage line PL and thestorage capacitor Cst and may control a driving current flowing from thedriving voltage line PL to the organic light-emitting diode OLED inresponse to the voltage value stored in the storage capacitor Cst. Theorganic light-emitting diode OLED may be connected between the drivingTFT T1 and a second power voltage ELVSS (or a common voltage). Theorganic light-emitting diode OLED may emit light having a predeterminedluminance according to the driving current.

FIG. 2A shows an example in which the pixel circuit PC includes two thinfilm transistors and one storage capacitor, but one or more exemplaryembodiments are not limited thereto. The pixel circuit PC may bevariously modified. For instance, the pixel circuit PC may include threeor more thin film transistors and/or two or more storage capacitors. Forexample, the pixel circuit PC may include seven thin film transistorsand one storage capacitor, such as shown in FIG. 2B.

Referring to FIG. 2B, each pixel PX includes the pixel circuit PC andthe organic light-emitting diode OLED connected to the pixel circuit PC.The pixel circuit PC may include a plurality of thin film transistorsand a storage capacitor. The thin film transistors and the storagecapacitor may be connected to signal lines SL, SL-1, EL, and DL, aninitialization voltage line VL, and a driving voltage line PL.

In FIG. 2B, each pixel PX is connected to the signal lines SL, SL-1, EL,and DL, the initialization voltage line VL, and the driving voltage linePL, but one or more exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. Asanother exemplary embodiment, at least one of the signal lines SL, SL-1,EL, and DL, the initialization voltage line VL, and the driving voltageline PL may be shared by at least one neighboring pixel P.

The plurality of thin film transistors may include a driving TFT T1, aswitching TFT T2, a compensation TFT T3, a first initialization TFT T4,an operation control TFT T5, an emission control TFT T6, and a secondinitialization TFT T7.

The signal lines include the scan line SL transferring a scan signal Sn,a previous scan line SL-1 transferring a previous scan signal Sn-1 tothe first initialization TFT T4 and the second initialization TFT T7, anemission control line EL transferring an emission control signal En tothe operation control TFT T5 and the emission control TFT T6, and a dataline DL intersecting with the scan line SL and transferring a datasignal Dm. The driving voltage line PL transfers the driving voltageELVDD to the driving TFT T1, and the initialization voltage line VLtransfers an initialization voltage Vint for initializing the drivingTFT T1 and a pixel electrode of the organic light-emitting diode OLED.

A driving gate electrode GE1 of the driving TFT T1 is connected to afirst electrode Cst1 of the storage capacitor Cst, a driving sourceelectrode S1 of the driving TFT T1 is connected to the driving voltageline PL via the operation control TFT T5, and a driving drain iselectrode D1 of the driving TFT T1 is electrically connected to a pixelelectrode of the organic light-emitting diode OLED via the emissioncontrol TFT T6. The driving TFT T1 receives the data signal Dm accordingto a switching operation of the switching TFT T2 to supply a drivingcurrent IoLED to the organic light-emitting diode OLED.

A switching gate electrode GE2 of the switching TFT T2 is connected tothe scan line SL, a switching source electrode S2 of the switching TFTT2 is connected to the data line DL, and a switching drain electrode D2of the switching TFT T2 is connected to the driving source electrode S1of the driving TFT T1 and, at the same time, is connected to the drivingvoltage line PL via the operation control TFT T5. The switching TFT T2is turned on according to the scan signal Sn received through the scanline SL and performs a switching operation that transfers the datasignal Dm transferred through the data line DL to the driving sourceelectrode S1 of the driving TFT T1.

A compensation gate electrode G3 of the compensation TFT T3 is connectedto the scan line SL, a compensation source electrode S3 of thecompensation TFT T3 is connected to the driving drain electrode D1 ofthe driving TFT T1 and, at the same time, is connected to one electrode(e.g., a pixel electrode) of the organic light-emitting diode OLED viathe emission control TFT T6, and a compensation drain electrode D3 ofthe compensation TFT T3 is connected to the first electrode Cst1 of thestorage capacitor Cst, a first initialization drain electrode D4 of thefirst initialization TFT T4, and the driving gate electrode GE1 of thedriving TFT T1. The compensation TFT T3 is turned on according to thescan signal Sn received through the scan line SL to electrically connectthe driving gate electrode GE1 and the driving drain electrode D1 of thedriving TFT T1 to each other and to diode-connect the driving TFT T1.

A first initialization gate electrode G4 of the first initialization TFTT4 is connected to the previous scan line SL-1, a first initializationsource electrode S4 of the first initialization TFT T4 is connected to asecond initialization drain electrode D7 of the second initializationTFT T7 and the initialization voltage line VL, and the firstinitialization drain electrode D4 of the first initialization TFT T4 isconnected to the first electrode Cst1 of the storage capacitor Cst, thecompensation drain electrode D3 of the compensation TFT T3, and thedriving gate electrode GE1 of the driving TFT T1. The firstinitialization TFT T4 is turned on according to a previous scan signalSn-1 transferred through the previous scan line SL-1 to transfer theinitialization voltage Vint to the driving gate electrode GE1 of thedriving TFT T1 and perform an initialization operation for initializinga voltage at the driving gate electrode GE1 of the driving TFT T1.

An operation control gate electrode G5 of the operation control TFT T5is connected to the emission control line EL, an operation controlsource electrode S5 of the operation control TFT T5 is connected to thedriving voltage line PL and an operation control drain electrode D5 ofthe operation control TFT T5 is connected to the driving sourceelectrode S1 of the driving TFT T1 and the switching drain electrode D2of the switching TFT T2.

An emission control gate electrode G6 of the emission control TFT T6 isconnected to the emission control line EL, an emission control sourceelectrode S6 of the emission control TFT T6 is connected to the drivingdrain electrode D1 of the driving TFT T1 and the compensation sourceelectrode S3 of the compensation TFT T3, and an emission control drainelectrode D6 of the emission control TFT T6 is electrically connected toa second initialization source electrode S7 of the second initializationTFT T7 and one electrode (e.g., a pixel electrode) of the organiclight-emitting diode OLED.

The operation control TFT T5 and the emission control TFT T6 aresimultaneously turned on according to the emission control signal Entransferred through the emission control line EL to transfer the drivingvoltage ELVDD to the organic light-emitting diode OLED and to allow adriving current T_(OLED) to flow in the organic light-emitting diodeOLED.

The second initialization gate electrode G7 of the second initializationTFT T7 is connected to the previous scan line SL-1, a secondinitialization source electrode S7 of the second initialization TFT T7is connected to the emission control drain electrode D6 of the emissioncontrol TFT T6 and one electrode (e.g., a pixel electrode) of theorganic light-emitting diode OLED, and a second initialization drainelectrode D7 of the second initialization TFT T7 is connected to thefirst initialization source electrode S4 of the first initialization TFTT4 and the initialization voltage line VL. The second initialization TFTT7 is turned on according to the previous scan signal Sn-1 transferredthrough the previous scan line SL-1 to initialize the organiclight-emitting diode OLED.

FIG. 2B shows a case in which the first initialization thin filmtransistor T4 and the second initialization thin film transistor T7 areconnected to the previous scan line SLn-1, but one or more exemplaryembodiments are not limited thereto. As another exemplary embodiment,the first initialization TFT T4 may be connected to the previous scanline SL-1 to operate according to the previous scan signal Sn-1, and thesecond initialization TFT T7 may be connected to a separate signal line(e.g., a post scan line) to operate according to a signal transferred tothe separate signal line.

A second electrode Cst2 of the storage capacitor Cst is connected to thedriving voltage line PL, and an opposite electrode (e.g., a cathode) ofthe organic light-emitting diode OLED is connected to a common voltageELVSS. Accordingly, the organic light-emitting diode OLED emits light byreceiving the driving current T_(OLED) from the driving TFT T1 todisplay images.

In FIG. 2B, the compensation TFT T3 and the first initialization TFT T4have dual-gate electrode structures, but the compensation TFT T3 and thefirst initialization TFT T4 may each have one gate electrode.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing light-emitting regions of aplurality of pixels in an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to some exemplary embodiments. For instance, FIG. 3 is aschematic diagram showing light-emitting regions of a plurality ofpixels R, G, and B in an organic light-emitting display apparatus. Insome exemplary embodiments, a red pixel R, a green pixel G, and a bluepixel B respectively denote light-emitting regions of each pixel PX, andthe light-emitting region may be defined by an opening of (or in) apixel defining layer, as will become more apparent below.

Referring to FIG. 3 , on a first row 1N, the red pixel R and the bluepixel B are alternately arranged in a first direction, and the greenpixels G may be arranged with a predetermined interval in the firstdirection in a second row 2N adjacent to the first row 1N. Likewise, thered pixels R and the blue pixels B are alternately arranged in a thirdrow 3N, and the green pixels G may be arranged with a predeterminedinterval in a fourth row 4N adjacent to the third row 3N. Theaforementioned arrangement of pixels PX may be repeatedly performed on apredetermined row set in advance.

The green pixels G of the second row 2N may be staggered with the redpixels R and the blue pixels B of the first row 1N. Therefore, the redpixels R and the blue pixels B are alternately arranged in a seconddirection in a first column 1M, and the green pixels G may be arrangedwith a predetermined interval in the second direction in a second column2M. The aforementioned arrangement of pixels PX may be repeatedlyperformed on a predetermined column set in advance. Here, the bluepixels B and the red pixels R may each have an area greater than that ofthe green pixels G. Otherwise, an area of the blue pixels B may begreater than those of the red pixels R and the green pixels G.

According to some exemplary embodiments, from among vertexes of avirtual square VS having the green pixel G as a center thereof, the redpixels R are arranged at first and third vertexes facing each other, andthe blue pixels B may be arranged at remaining vertexes, e.g., secondand fourth vertexes of the virtual square VS. Here, the virtual squareVS may be variously modified as, for example, a rectangle, a rhombus, asquare, etc.

The arrangement of the pixels PX according to various exemplaryembodiments is not limited thereto. For example, the blue pixel B,instead of the green pixel G, may be arranged at the center of thevirtual square VS in FIG. 3 , and the red pixels R may be arranged atthe first and third vertexes facing each other and the green pixels Gmay be arranged at the remaining second and fourth vertexes, from amongthe vertexes of the virtual square VS.

The above pixel arrangement structure is referred to as a PenTile matrixstructure, and a rendering operation for representing colors by sharingadjacent pixels PX is applied to realize a high resolution using a smallnumber of pixels PX.

The pixel arrangement structure according to various exemplaryembodiments is not limited to a PenTile matrix structure. For example,one or more exemplary embodiments may be applied to a stripearrangement, a mosaic arrangement, and/or a delta arrangement structure.Also, one or more exemplary embodiments may be applied to a pixelarrangement structure further including white pixels emitting whitelight.

In some exemplary embodiments, pixels PX may be classified as first tothird pixels. In some exemplary embodiments, the first to third pixelsmay respectively correspond to the red pixel R, the green pixel G, andthe blue pixel B.

FIG. 4 is a layout showing a relation between light-emitting regions ofa plurality of pixels and wires according to some exemplary embodiments.FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along sectional line I-I′ in FIG.4 according to some exemplary embodiments. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectionalview according to a comparative example for comparison with at least oneexemplary embodiment.

Referring to FIG. 4 , the organic light-emitting display apparatusincludes a plurality of pixels, and the plurality of pixels may beconnected to various wires or lines.

The plurality of pixels PX may include a plurality of red pixels R, aplurality of green pixels G, and a plurality of blue pixels B. Asdescribed above, the plurality of pixels PX may be arranged in a PenTilematrix structure.

In FIG. 4 , from among various wires, a plurality of first lines PL1overlapping light-emitting regions OP1, OP2, and OP3 of a plurality ofpixels PX and second lines PL2 arranged to at least partially archaround the light-emitting regions OP1, OP2, and OP3 are shown. In someexemplary embodiments, the light-emitting regions OP1, OP2, and OP3 maybe defined as openings in a pixel defining layer that will be describedlater.

Each of the first lines PL1 extends in the second direction and may beconnected to a plurality of pixels PX arranged in one column. Forexample, the first line PL1 extending along the first column 1M may beconnected to the blue pixels B and the red pixels R that are alternatelyarranged. The first line PL1 extending along the second column 2M may beconnected to green pixels G1 and G2. The first lines PL1 may overlaplight-emitting regions of the pixels PX on a plane. The first lines PL1may transfer the driving voltage ELVDD (see FIGS. 2A and 2B) to theplurality of pixels PX. The first lines PL1 may be arranged with apredetermined interval in the first direction.

The second lines PL2 may be arranged in a different layer from the firstlines PL1, and may be arranged to at least partially arch around thelight-emitting regions OP1, OP2, and OP3 of the plurality of pixels PX.The second line PL2 may have a mesh structure. The second lines PL2 mayinclude openings at least partially exposing the light-emitting regionsOP1, OP2, and OP3. Otherwise, it may be understood that the second linesPL2 include boundary patterns corresponding to edges of thelight-emitting regions OP1, OP2, and OP3 and connection patterns forconnecting the boundary patterns. Here, the boundary patterns and theconnection patterns of the second lines PL2 may be integrally provided.The second lines PL2 mostly do not overlap the light-emitting regionsOP1, OP2, and OP3, but may partially overlap the light-emitting regionsOP1, OP2, and OP3. For example, in a case of the blue pixel B having thelargest light-emitting region, an end portion of the light-emittingregion may partially overlap the second line PL2.

The second lines PL2 may contact the first lines PL1 via a plurality ofvia holes VH. Since the second lines PL2 are in contact with the firstlines PL1, the second lines PL2 may provide the same voltage as that ofthe first lines PL1. For example, the first lines PL1 and the secondlines PL2 may transmit the driving voltage ELVDD. Since the second linesPL2 have the mesh structure, the driving voltage ELVDD may be evenlysupplied throughout the entire display area DA (see FIG. 1 ).

Since the plurality of via holes VH overlap the first lines PL1, theplurality of via holes VH may be arranged in the second direction alongthe first lines PL1.

In some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of via holes VH arranged inthe second direction may be arranged so that one of the via holes VH maybe arranged for every two pixels PX arranged in the second direction.For example, each of the via holes VH arranged along the first column 1Mis arranged for each blue pixel B and each red pixel R, e.g., every twopixels PX. The via holes VH in the second column 2M are each providedfor every two green pixels G1 and G2.

From another point of view, the green pixels G, e.g., the first greenpixels G1 and the second green pixels G2, are alternately arranged inthe first direction, two via holes VH are arranged adjacent to the firstgreen pixel G1 and no via hole is arranged adjacent to the second greenpixel G2. For instance, the via hole VH may be provided closer to thefirst green pixel G1, between two adjacent first green pixel G1 andsecond green pixel G2. In some exemplary embodiments, two via holes VHmay be arranged adjacent to the first green pixel G1.

The first green pixel G1 and the second green pixel G2 may bealternately arranged in the second direction, and the via hole VH mayalso be arranged adjacent to the first green pixel G1 in the seconddirection.

In some exemplary embodiments, the light-emitting region OP3 of the bluepixel B is greater than the light-emitting region OP1 of the red pixel Rand the light-emitting region OP2 of the green pixel G. From this pointof view, the via hole VH is arranged closer to the green pixel G or thered pixel R having a smaller light-emitting region than that of the bluepixel B. For example, the via hole VH between the blue pixel B and thegreen pixel G is arranged adjacent to the green pixel G having a smallerlight-emitting region than that of the blue pixel B such that a distanced2 is less than a distance d1. Also, a second via hole VH2 between theblue pixel B and the red pixel R is arranged adjacent to the red pixel Rsuch that a distance d4 is less than a distance d3.

In some exemplary embodiments, the above arrangement of the via holes VHmay be introduced in order to reduce asymmetric color shift according toa side viewing angle. For instance, because the light-emitting regionsand the via holes VH are arranged not overlapping each other, influenceof the via holes VH may be reduced.

Hereinafter, a stacked structure of the organic light-emitting displayapparatus according to some exemplary embodiments will be described withreference to FIG. 5 , and influence of the via holes VH will be alsodescribed.

The substrate 110 may include, for instance, glass or a polymer resin.The polymer resin may include at least one of polyethersulfone (PES),polyacrylate (PAR), polyetherimide (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate(PEN), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS),polyarylate, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), and cellulose acetatepropionate (CAP), or the like. The substrate 110 including the polymerresin may be flexible, rollable, and/or bendable. The substrate 110 mayhave a multi-layered structure including a layer including the polymerresin and an inorganic layer (not shown).

A buffer layer 111 is located on the substrate 110 to reduce or blockinfiltration of impurities, moisture, and/or external air from a lowerportion of the substrate 110, and to provide a flat surface on thesubstrate 110. The buffer layer 111 may include an inorganic material,such as an oxide material or a nitride material, an organic material, oran inorganic-organic composite material, and may have a single-layeredor multi-layered structure including the inorganic material and theorganic material. A barrier layer (not shown) for preventinginfiltration of external air may be further provided between thesubstrate 110 and the buffer layer 111. In some exemplary embodiments,the buffer layer 111 may include silicon oxide (SiO₂) or silicon nitride(SiN_(x)), but exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto.

At least one thin film transistor TFT for each of pixels R, G, and B maybe on the buffer layer 111. The thin film transistor TFT of FIG. 5 maybe one of the thin film transistors TFT included in the pixel circuit PCof FIG. 2A or FIG. 2B. The thin film transistor TFT may include asemiconductor layer Act, a gate electrode GE, a source electrode SE, anda drain electrode DE. If necessary, the source electrode SE and thedrain electrode DE may be omitted. Also, the source electrode SE or thedrain electrode DE may be connected to a data line that transmits a datasignal. The gate electrode GE may be connected to a scan line thattransmits a scan signal.

The semiconductor layer Act is on the buffer layer 111, and may includepolysilicon. In some exemplary embodiments, the semiconductor layer Actmay include amorphous silicon. In some exemplary embodiments, thesemiconductor layer Act may include an oxide of at least one selectedfrom the group consisting of indium (In), gallium (Ga), stannum (Sn),zirconium (Zr), vanadium (V), hafnium (Hf), cadmium (Cd), germanium(Ge), chrome (Cr), titanium (Ti), and zinc (Zn). The semiconductor layerAct may include a channel region, and a source region and a drain regionhaving higher carrier concentrations on opposite sides of the channelregion. The source region and the drain region may be doped withimpurities.

A first gate insulating layer 112 may cover the semiconductor layer Act.The first gate insulating layer 112 may include an inorganic insulatingmaterial, such as at least one of silicon oxide (SiO₂), silicon nitride(SiN_(x)), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titaniumoxide (TiO₂), tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅), hafnium oxide (HfO₂), and zincoxide (ZnO₂). The first gate insulating layer 112 may have asingle-layered or a multi-layered structure including the inorganicinsulating material.

The gate electrode GE is on the first gate insulating layer 112 tooverlap the semiconductor layer Act. The gate electrode GE may includeat least one of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), titanium(Ti), etc., and may have a single-layered or multi-layered structure. Asan example, the gate electrode GE may include a single layer includingMo.

The second gate insulating layer 113 may cover the gate electrode GE.The second gate insulating layer 113 may include an inorganic insulatingmaterial, such as at least one of silicon oxide (SiO₂), silicon nitride(SiN_(x)), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titaniumoxide (TiO₂), tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅), hafnium oxide (HfO₂), and zincoxide (ZnO₂). The second gate insulating layer 113 may have asingle-layered or a multi-layered structure including the inorganicinsulating material.

An upper electrode Cst2 of the storage capacitor Cst may be on thesecond gate insulating layer 113. The upper electrode Cst2 may overlapthe gate electrode GE thereunder. Here, the gate electrode GE and theupper electrode Cst overlapping each other with the second gateinsulating layer 113 therebetween may configure the storage capacitorCst. As such, the gate electrode GE may function as a lower electrodeCst1 of the storage capacitor Cst. From this point of view, the storagecapacitor Cst may overlap the thin film transistor TFT. However, one ormore exemplary embodiments are not limited thereto. For instance, thestorage capacitor Cst may not overlap the thin film transistor TFT.

The upper electrode Cst2 may include at least one of aluminum (Al),platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au),nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), lithium (Li),calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and/orcopper (Cu) in a single-layered or multi-layered structure.

The interlayer insulating layer 115 may cover the upper electrode Cst2.The interlayer insulating layer 115 may include an insulating material,such as at least one of silicon oxide (SiO₂), silicon nitride (SiN_(x)),silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titanium oxide(TiO₂), tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅), hafnium oxide (HfO₂), and zinc oxide(ZnO₂). The interlayer insulating layer 115 may have a single-layered ora multi-layered structure including the inorganic insulating material.

The source electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may be on theinterlayer insulating layer 115. The source electrode SE and the drainelectrode DE may include a conductive material including at least one ofMo, Al, Cu, Ti, etc., and may have a single-layered or multi-layeredstructure including the aforementioned materials. For example, thesource electrode SE and the drain electrode DE may each have amulti-layered structure including Ti/Al/Ti.

The first line PL1 may be arranged on the interlayer insulating layer115. For instance, the first line PL1 may include the same material andat the same layer as those of the source electrode SE and the drainelectrode DE. The first line PL1 may include a conductive materialincluding at least one of molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu),titanium (Ti), etc., and may have a single-layered or multi-layeredstructure. The first line PL1 transmits the driving voltage ELVDD andmay be arranged for each of the blue and green pixels B and G. The firstline PL1 may overlap the light-emitting openings OP2 and OP3 of thepixel defining layer 119 that are the light-emitting regions of thepixels G and B. Since a first via layer 117 and a second via layer 118are between the first line PL1 and pixel electrodes 221G and 221B, thefirst line PL1 does not affect the light-emitting region of the pixeleven when the first line PL1 overlaps the light-emitting region of thepixel.

The first via layer 117 may cover the source electrode SE, the drainelectrode DE, and the first line PL1. The first via layer 117 may have aflat upper surface so that the second line PL2 that will be arrangedthereon may be planarized.

The first via layer 117 may include a single-layered or multi-layeredstructure including at least one of an organic material and an inorganicmaterial. The first via layer 117 may include at least one of a generaluniversal polymer (e.g., benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide,hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), orpolystyrene (PS)), polymer derivatives having phenol groups, acryl-basedpolymer, imide-based polymer, aryl ether-based polymer, amide-basedpolymer, fluoride-based polymer, p-xylene-based polymer, vinylalcohol-based polymer, and blends thereof. The first via layer 117 mayinclude an inorganic insulating material, such as at least one ofsilicon oxide (SiO₂), silicon nitride (SiN_(x)), silicon oxynitride(SiON), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titanium oxide (TiO₂), tantalum oxide(Ta₂O₅), hafnium oxide (HfO₂), and zinc oxide (ZnO₂).

The second line PL2 is arranged on the first via layer 117. The secondline PL2 may contact the first line PL1 via a via hole VH penetratingthrough the first via layer 117. The via hole VH between the blue pixelB and the green pixel G may be arranged more adjacent to the green pixelG such that a distance d1 is greater than a distance d2.

The second line PL2 may include at least one of aluminum (Al), platinum(Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel(Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), lithium (Li), calcium(Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and/or copper (Cu)in a single-layered or multi-layered structure.

A second via layer 118 may cover the second line PL2. The second vialayer 118 may include a single-layered or multi-layered structureincluding at least one of an organic material and an inorganic material.The second via layer 118 may include at least one of a general universalpolymer (e.g., benzocyclobutene (BCB), polyimide, hexamethyldisiloxane(HMDSO), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), or polystyrene (PS)), polymerderivatives having phenol groups, acryl-based polymer, imide-basedpolymer, aryl ether-based polymer, amide-based polymer, fluoride-basedpolymer, p-xylene-based polymer, vinyl alcohol-based polymer, and blendsthereof. The second via layer 118 may include an inorganic insulatingmaterial, such as at least one of silicon oxide (SiO₂), silicon nitride(SiN_(x)), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), titaniumoxide (TiO₂), tantalum oxide (Ta₂O₅), hafnium oxide (HfO₂), and zincoxide (ZnO₂).

The pixel electrodes 221B and 221G are arranged on the second via layer118. The pixel electrodes 221B and 221G may include a conductive oxide,such as indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide(ZnO), indium oxide (In₂O₃), indium gallium oxide, or aluminum zincoxide (AZO). In some exemplary embodiments, the pixel electrodes 221Band 221G may include a reflective layer including at least one of silver(Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), gold(Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), and chrome (Cr), or acompound thereof. In some exemplary embodiments, the pixel electrodes221B and 221G may further include a layer including ITO, IZO, ZnO, orIn₂O₃ on and/or under the reflective layer. In some exemplaryembodiments, the pixel electrodes 221B and 221G may include a stackstructure, such as, a stack structure including ITO/Ag/ITO.

The pixel defining layer 119 may cover boundaries of each of the pixelelectrodes 221B and 221G. The pixel defining layer 119 includes thelight-emitting openings OP2 and OP3 respectively corresponding to thepixels G and B. For instance, the light-emitting openings OP2 and OP3may at least partially expose the pixel electrodes 221B and 221G todefine light-emitting regions of the pixels G and B. That is, thelight-emitting openings OP2 and OP3 may be referred to as thelight-emitting regions OP2 and OP3 of the pixels G and B.

The pixel defining layer 119 increases a distance between an edge ofeach of the pixel electrodes 221B and 221G and an opposite electrode 223on the pixel electrodes 221B and 221G to prevent generation of an arc atthe edge of the pixel electrodes 221B and 221G. The pixel defining layer119 may include an organic insulating material, such as at least one ofpolyimide, polyamide, an acrylic resin, BCB, HMDSO, and a phenol resin,and may be obtained by a spin coating method, etc.

Intermediate layers 222B and 222G each including an organiclight-emitting layer are arranged on the pixel electrodes 221B and 221Gthat are exposed by the light-emitting openings OP2 and OP3 in the pixeldefining layer 119. The intermediate layers 222G and 222B may eachinclude a low-molecular weight organic material or a polymer material.When the intermediate layers 222B and 222G includes a low-molecularweight material, the intermediate layers 222B and 222G may include ahole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emissionlayer (EML), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electroninjection layer (EIL) in a single or multiple-layered structure.Examples of the low-molecular weight material may include copperphthalocyanine (CuPc), N,N′-Di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine(NPB), and tris-8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq₃). The aforementionedlayers may be manufactured by a vacuum deposition method.

When the intermediate layers 222G and 222B include a polymer material,the intermediate layers 222G and 222B may include an HTL and an EML.Here, the HTL may include poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), andthe EML may include a poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV)-based orpolyfluorene-based polymer material. The intermediate layers 222G and222B may be arranged using a screen printing method, an inkjet printingmethod, a laser induced thermal imaging (LITI) method, etc.

However, the intermediate layers 222G and 222B are not limited to theaforementioned exemplary embodiments, but may have various structures.In addition, the intermediate layers 222G and 222B may include a layerintegrally provided throughout a plurality of pixel electrodes 221G and221B, or may include a layer patterned to correspond to each of theplurality of pixel electrodes 221G and 221B.

The opposite electrode 223 is arranged on the intermediate layers 222Gand 222B. The opposite electrode 223 may include a conductive materialhaving a low work function. For example, the opposite electrode 223 mayinclude a (semi-)transparent layer including at least one of Ag, Mg, Al,Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, lithium (Li), and calcium (Ca), or an alloythereof. In some exemplary embodiments, the opposite electrode 223 mayfurther include a layer including ITO, IZO, ZnO, or In₂O₃ on the(semi-)transparent layer including at least one of the aforementionedmaterials.

The opposite electrode 223 may be integrally provided throughout aplurality of organic light-emitting diodes OLED(G) and OLED(B) tocorrespond to the plurality of pixel electrodes 221G and 221B.

Although not shown in the drawings, a capping layer may be provided onthe opposite electrode 223 to improve a light extracting efficiencywhile protecting the opposite electrode 223. The capping layer mayinclude, for example, lithium fluoride (LiF). In some exemplaryembodiments, the capping layer may include an inorganic insulatingmaterial, such as silicon nitride, and/or an organic insulatingmaterial. In some exemplary embodiments, the capping layer may beomitted.

Also, the organic light-emitting display apparatus according to someexemplary embodiments may further include an encapsulation member forprotecting the plurality of organic light-emitting diodes OLED.

The encapsulation member may include a thin film encapsulation layerincluding at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least oneorganic encapsulation layer. Here, the inorganic encapsulation layer mayinclude one or more inorganic insulating materials, such as at least oneof aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tantalum oxide, hafnium oxide, zincoxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, and silicon oxynitride. Theorganic encapsulation layer may include a polymer-based material. Thepolymer-based material may include at least one of an acryl-based resin,an epoxy-based resin, polyimide, polyethylene, etc. The thin filmencapsulation layer may have a structure in which a first inorganicencapsulation layer, an organic encapsulation layer, and a secondinorganic encapsulation layer are stacked.

Alternatively, a sealing substrate bonded to the substrate 110 via asealant or a frit may be used as the encapsulation member.

Components, such as an input sensing member for sensing a touch input,an anti-reflection member including a polarizer and a retarder, a colorfilter, a black matrix, a transparent window, and/or the like may befurther arranged on the encapsulation member.

In some exemplary embodiments, the via hole VH is arranged not tooverlap the light-emitting openings OP2 and OP3 of the pixel defininglayer 119. Since the via hole VH is provided, a curve may be verticallyformed in an upper surface of the second via layer 118 according to theshape of the via hole VH and the second line PL2 arranged in the viahole VH such as depicted in region R1 of FIG. 5 . However, since the viaholes VH do no overlap the light-emitting regions, the via holes VH donot affect the light-emitting regions.

When the first line PL1 and the second line PL2 passing through the bluepixel B are in contact with each other via an additional via hole VH′ asshown in FIG. 6 , the additional via hole VH′ may be arrangedoverlapping, for instance, the third opening OP3, that is, thelight-emitting region of the blue pixel B because the light-emittingregion of the blue pixel B is greater than that of the green pixel G.Accordingly, a curve may be formed in an upper surface of the second vialayer 118 (e.g., a region R2 in FIG. 6 ), and the curve may affect thepixel electrode 221B and/or the intermediate layer 222B, and theopposite electrode 223 of the blue pixel B.

The curve or step formed in the light-emitting region may cause diffusedreflection and/or bilateral asymmetric reflection of light generatedfrom the intermediate layer 222B, and accordingly, a color visibilitymay vary depending on left or right side viewing angles. As such, acolor shift may be asymmetric between the left and right side views.

To reduce the above effect, the via hole VH connecting the first linePL1 and the second line PL2 is arranged not to overlap thelight-emitting region of the pixels PX in various exemplary embodiments.For instance, each one of the via holes VH arranged in the seconddirection are arranged for every two pixels. Alternatively, the via holeVH is arranged adjacent to a pixel having a smaller light-emittingregion, rather than a pixel having a greater light-emitting region.Alternatively, the via hole VH may be arranged closer to a first greenpixel G1, between the first green pixel G1 and a second green pixel G2arranged alternately along a direction.

FIG. 7A is a layout of an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to some exemplary embodiments. FIG. 7B is a layout of a pixelelectrode in addition to FIG. 7A according to some exemplaryembodiments. FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view taken along sectionalline II-II′ in FIG. 7A according to some exemplary embodiments. In FIGS.7A to 7C, like reference numerals as those in FIGS. 4 and 5 denote thesame elements, and detailed descriptions thereof are primarily omitted.

Referring to FIGS. 7A to 7C, the organic light-emitting displayapparatus according to some exemplary embodiments may further include aconnecting electrode CM on the first via layer 117.

The connecting electrode CM may connect the organic light-emitting diodeOLED to the thin film transistor TFT. For instance, the connectingelectrode CM may connect the pixel electrodes 221B and 221G of theorganic light-emitting diode OLED to the source electrode SE or thedrain electrode DE of the thin film transistor TFT. Referring to FIG.7C, the connecting electrode CM may be connected to the source electrodeor the drain electrode of the thin film transistor TFT via a firstcontact hole CNT1 that penetrates through the first via layer 117, andthe pixel electrode 221G may be connected to the connecting electrode CMvia a second contact hole CNT2 that penetrates through the second vialayer 118.

The connecting electrode CM is arranged at the same layer as the secondline PL2, and may include the same material as that of the second linePL2. For example, the connecting electrode CM may include at least oneof aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium(Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr),lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten(W), and/or copper (Cu) in a single-layered or multi-layered structure.

The connecting electrode CM may partially overlap the light-emittingopenings OP2 and OP3 of the pixel defining layer 119, e.g., thelight-emitting regions, on a plan. In some exemplary embodiments, basedon a center point CP in each of the light-emitting openings OP2 and OP3,an extension EP extending from the second line PL2 is arranged oppositeto the connecting electrode CM. A distance from the center point CP tothe extension EP may be substantially the same as a distance from thecenter point CP to the connecting electrode CM. Also, an overlappingarea between the extension EP and the light-emitting openings OP2 andOP3 may be equal to an overlapping area between the connecting electrodeCM and the light-emitting openings OP2 and OP3.

When the extension EP is not provided, an asymmetric curve or step maybe formed on a bottom surface of the light-emitting openings OP2 and OP3due to the connecting electrode CM arranged on the first via layer 117.Accordingly, an asymmetric color shift may occur with respect to theside visibility. However, according to various exemplary embodiments,since the extension EP is provided opposite to the connecting electrodeCM based on the center point CP, the asymmetric color shift in the sidevisibility may be reduced.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7B, edges of each of the pixel electrodes221R, 221G, and 221B according to various exemplary embodiments maypartially overlap the second line PL2. However, since the overlappingedges of the pixel electrodes 221R, 221G, and 221B are not thelight-emitting regions, the optical characteristics of thelight-emitting regions may not be affected even when the pixelelectrodes 221R, 221G, and 221B partially overlap the second line PL2.

FIG. 8 is a layout of an organic light-emitting display apparatusaccording to some exemplary embodiments. In FIG. 8 , like referencenumerals as those in FIG. 4 denote the same components, and detaileddescriptions thereof are primarily omitted.

Referring to FIG. 8 , the organic light-emitting display apparatus mayfurther include a node electrode BM and a shield portion SP overlappingthe node electrode BM.

The node electrode BM may be at the same layer as the first line PL1 tobe spaced apart from the first line PL1. The node electrode BM mayinclude the same material as that of the first line PL1. For example,the node electrode BM may include at least one of aluminum (Al),platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au),nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chrome (Cr), lithium (Li),calcium (Ca), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), and/orcopper (Cu) in a single-layered or multi-layered structure.

The node electrode BM may be a bridge electrode for connecting the thinfilm transistors of the pixel circuit PC (see FIGS. 2A and 2B). The nodeelectrode BM may overlap the center point of the light-emitting openingOP2. The node electrode BM may transmit signals, and cross-talk mayoccur between adjacent thin film transistors or between adjacent pixelcircuits PC due to the signals. However, according to various exemplaryembodiments, the shield portion SP extending from the second line PL2 isprovided overlapping the node electrode BM to reduce the occurrence ofthe cross-talk due to the signals.

There may be a plurality of shield portions SP. Some of the shieldportions SP overlap the light-emitting opening OP3, and some other ofthe shield portions SP may not overlap the light-emitting openings OP2and OP3.

The shield portion SP overlapping the light-emitting opening OP3 mayoverlap the node electrode BM, and may correspond to the center point ofthe light-emitting opening OP3. The aforementioned arrangement isprovided taking into account the asymmetric color shift, as well as thecross-talk. In various exemplary embodiments, the shield portion SPextending from the second line PL2 is arranged at the center of thelight-emitting opening OP3, and, thus, the color shift effects may beshown equally at the left and right sides.

According to one or more exemplary embodiments, an asymmetric colorshift of the organic light-emitting display apparatus may be reducedwhile maintaining uniform characteristics of the pixels, and uniformityin a right wide area display (WAD) and a left WAD may be obtained.However, the scope of the disclosure is not limited to theaforementioned effects.

Although certain exemplary embodiments and implementations have beendescribed herein, other embodiments and modifications will be apparentfrom this description. Accordingly, the inventive concepts are notlimited to such embodiments, but rather to the broader scope of theaccompanying claims and various obvious modifications and equivalentarrangements as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting display apparatuscomprising: a substrate; pixels arranged on the substrate in a firstdirection and a second direction intersecting the first direction, thepixels comprising organic light-emitting diodes, the organiclight-emitting diodes comprising pixel electrodes; a pixel defininglayer covering edges of the pixel electrodes, the pixel defining layerdefining light-emitting regions via openings partially exposing thepixel electrodes; a first via layer and a second via layer between thepixel electrodes and the substrate; first lines extending in the seconddirection between the first via layer and the substrate; and a secondline between the second via layer and the first via layer, wherein: thesecond line contacts the first lines through via holes; and each viahole among the via holes is provided every two pixels arranged in thesecond direction among the pixels.
 2. The organic light-emitting displayapparatus of claim 1, wherein the second line has a mesh structurecomprising openings corresponding to the light-emitting regions of thepixels.
 3. The organic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 1,wherein the first lines at least overlap the light emitting regions andthe second line at least partially extends around the light emittingregions.
 4. The organic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 1,wherein: the pixels comprise first pixels, second pixels, and thirdpixels; the first, second, and third pixels are configured to emit lightof different colors from one another; an area of a light-emitting regionin each of the third pixels is greater than an area of a light-emittingregion in each of the first pixels and an area of a light-emittingregion in each of the second pixels; and the via holes are arrangedcloser to the light-emitting regions of the first pixels and the secondpixels than the light-emitting regions of the third pixels.
 5. Theorganic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the pixelscomprise first green pixels and second green pixels that are alternatelyarranged in the first direction; and the via holes are arranged closerto the first green pixels than the second green pixels.
 6. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the via holes donot overlap the light-emitting regions of the pixels.
 7. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pixels arearranged in a PenTile matrix structure.
 8. The organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first lines overlap thelight-emitting regions of some of the pixels.
 9. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second line atleast partially overlaps some of the pixel electrodes.
 10. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, wherein: each pixel of thepixels further comprises a thin film transistor; the organiclight-emitting display apparatus further comprises a connectingelectrode at a same layer as the second line, the connecting electrodeconnecting a pixel electrode among the pixel electrodes to a thin filmtransistor among the thin film transistors; an end of a light-emittingregion of a first pixel among the pixels overlaps the connectingelectrode; and an opposite end of the light-emitting region of the firstpixel overlaps an extension extending from the second line.
 11. Theorganic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 10, wherein anoverlapping area between the connecting electrode and the light-emittingregion of the first pixel is equal to an overlapping area between theextension and the light-emitting region of the first pixel.
 12. Theorganic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:a node electrode at a same layer as the first line; and a shield portionextending from the second line, wherein the shield portion entirelyoverlaps the node electrode.
 13. The organic light-emitting displayapparatus of claim 12, wherein: the node electrode overlaps thelight-emitting regions of some of the pixels; and the shield portioncorresponds to a center portion of the light-emitting regions in some ofthe pixels.
 14. An organic light-emitting display apparatus comprising:a substrate; pixels arranged on the substrate in a first direction and asecond direction intersecting the first direction, the pixels comprisingorganic light-emitting diodes, the organic light-emitting diodescomprising pixel electrodes; a pixel defining layer covering edges ofthe pixel electrodes, the pixel defining layer defining light-emittingregions via openings partially exposing the pixel electrodes; a firstvia layer and a second via layer between the pixel electrodes and thesubstrate; first lines extending in the second direction between thefirst via layer and the substrate; and a second line between the secondvia layer and the first via layer, wherein: the second line contacts thefirst lines through via holes; the pixels comprise a first pixel, asecond pixel, and a third pixel each of which is configured to emitlight of a different color; and the via holes are provided closer to thelight-emitting regions of the first pixel and the second pixel than tothe third pixel.
 15. The organic light-emitting display apparatus ofclaim 14, wherein the light-emitting region of the third pixel isgreater than the light-emitting region of the first pixel and thelight-emitting region of the second pixel.
 16. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 14, wherein the pixels arearranged in a PenTile matrix structure.
 17. The organic light-emittingdisplay apparatus of claim 16, wherein: the second pixel is a greenpixel comprising a first green pixel and a second green pixelalternately arranged with one another; and the via holes are providedcloser to the first green pixel than to the second green pixel.
 18. Theorganic light-emitting display apparatus of claim 14, wherein the firstline overlaps some of the light-emitting regions.
 19. The organiclight-emitting display apparatus of claim 14, further comprising: aconnecting electrode at a same layer as the second line, the connectingelectrode being connected to some of the pixel electrodes via a contacthole, wherein: an end of the light-emitting region of the first pixeloverlaps the connecting electrode; and an opposite end of thelight-emitting region of the first pixel overlaps an extension extendingfrom the second line.
 20. The organic light-emitting display apparatusof claim 14, further comprising: a node electrode at a same layer as thefirst line; and a shield portion extending from the second line, whereinthe shield portion entirely overlaps the node electrode.